Cytokines are tightly regulated, during induction (1, 2), gene transcription (3) and -translation (4), protein synthesis (5), and -secretion from the producer cell (6).

Once released, the cytokines are regulated in the circulation (7, 8) and at the receptor level on target cells (9).

After receptor activation, the pathways leading to alterations in the behavior of responder cells are also regulated (10, 11).

IIR is particularly interested in naturally occurring regulators of cytokines acting at several of the above levels.